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The following is a list of products branded by Turtle Beach Corporation.

Note:

• Status: D = discontinued; A = active
• Compatibility: PS4 = PlayStation 4; PS3 = PlayStation 3; XB1 = Xbox One; PC = Personal computer

Gaming headsets[edit]

Turtle Beach creates gaming headsets for consoles such as the Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, PC, mobile and tablet devices.^[1] It is considered one of the leading gaming audio brands.^[2] Gaming headsets have been Turtle Beach's primary product offering since around 2005.^[1]

Turtle Beach headsets are generally cross-compatible between current-generation consoles like the Xbox One, PlayStation 4, Nintendo Switch, and PCs, as well as most mobile and tablet devices. Many models are console-specific, but share the same branding and can often be used across platforms (e.g. the Stealth 300 has a model for both the Xbox One and the PlayStation 4, but both are technically compatible with one another and the Nintendo Switch, and PC, etc.).^[3] Certain features on console-specific models may not transfer from one platform to another. For instance, the Stealth 600 and 700 models for the Xbox One can wirelessly connect directly with the console. Those same models for the PlayStation 4 do not have that feature. In some cases, the differences between one console-specific model and another are cosmetic.^[4]

Ear Force[edit]

1. ^Compatible with any computer, mobile device, or other gaming system with adapter

Elite[edit]

Stealth[edit]

Recon[edit]

Standalone[edit]

Sound cards[edit]

ISA bus[edit]

Multisound family, Hurricane architecture:

• Multisound Classic – was a 430 USD full-length ISA sound card produced from 1991 to 1994. It contained an EMU Proteus 1/XR professional MIDI rack engine with 2 MB or 4 MB ROM sample pack and a Motorola56001 / 68000DSP chip pair for wave recording and playback. The card supported Windows 9x officially and can be used on Windows NT 4.0 and Windows 2000 using Peter Hall's drivers. The sound quality and feature set offered by MultiSound Classic was truly revolutionary at the time, but Creative Labs acquired EMU in 1994 and the supply of XR chips stopped. The card had to be redesigned accordingly, creating the Tahiti. A detailed analysis of the MultiSound's hardware is here
• Multisound Tahiti – Multisound Classic derivative without the on-card synthesis. Motorola 56001 chipset.
• Multisound Monterey – Multisound Monterey was the first cost-reduced version of the MultiSound. In essence the synthesizer (the Emu Proteus) was replaced by the less expensive Rio card that was based on the ICS WaveFront chipset. The DSP and A/D was identical to the MultiSound, as the Monterey was a simple combination of the Rio mounted onto the Tahiti.^[8]

Multisound family, 2nd generation architecture:

• Multisound Fiji – last real professional ISA cards from Multisound line. Motorola 56002 chipset, Audiophile quality 20-bit DAC/ADC, >97 dB Signal to Noise Ratio, DSP-based Hurricane Architecture, Optional Digital S/PDIF I/O (with daughterboard), MPU-401 compatible, WaveBlaster compatible header, Enhanced Full Duplex, Windows 95 Plug'n'Play compatible. Compatible with Windows 95, 98, 98se and Me in Plug'n'Play mode ; NT4, 2000 and XP (using the last NT4 non-Plug'n'Play driver and settings).
• Multisound Pinnacle – same as Multisound Fiji but with additional specifications : full-length ISA card, hardware sample-based synthesis (Kurzweil/HOMAC Synth Engine), 4 MB patch set (2 MB sample ROM – using proprietary Kurzweil compression), user expandable sample Set (supports up to 48 MB of Sample RAM on board, using two 32 bits SIMM sockets for FPM RAM), EIDE CD-ROM Interface.

Other:

• Malibu Surround 64 – 4MB 64-Voice ISA bus sample-based soundcard introduced 1997. Uses Kurzweil hardware synthesis. 64 voices including 32 hardware voices and 32 software voices, 4MB instrument samples compressed to 2MB ROM. Crystal CS4237B PnP chipset.
• Maui – Maui was an inexpensive sample-based synthesizer add-on card. It used the ICS WaveFront synthesizer chip (as did the Tropez, Monterey and the Rio) and offered optional RAM slots that would allow users to add up to 8 megabytes of their own .WAV format samples (up to 16-bit 44.1 kHz). This process, called SampleStore, pre-dated the Creative/Microsoft 'SoundFonts' concept by two years. This card was intended for Sound Blaster owners who wanted to improve their MIDI playback by adding sample-based synthesis. Because of SampleStore and WavePatch, a professional-grade sound programmer for all WaveFront-equipped cards, many music enthusiasts used the Maui as a cheap yet high-quality studio sampler.
• Monte Carlo 928 – Monte Carlo was the first Turtle Beach sound card that was not designed in-house. It was based on OPTi 928 reference design with Crystal semiconductor codec for a 'Sound Blaster and Windows Sound System Compatible' card. Featuring Yamaha OPL3, Wave Blaster connector and 3x AT-BUS CD-ROM interfaces. ^[8]
• Monte Carlo 929 – Updated design of the earlier Monte Carlo. Featuring smaller OPTi 929 chip and 4x CD-ROM interface with IDE. Again reference design from Media Chips Inc. Both Monte Carlo cards used better CS4248 codec and original Yamaha YMF262 OPL3, when no-name cards with same reference design used cheaper Analog Devices AD1845/AD1848 codec and OPL3 clones.^[8]
• Tropez Classic – non PnP ISA card from same era as original SoundBlaster AWE32 and Gravis Ultrasound MAX. ICS Wavefront sample-based chipset, OPTi 929, CS4231 codec, 2MB ROM, 3 SIMM slots for max 12MB sample RAM, Yamaha OPL3 FM^[8]
• Tropez Plus / TBS-2001 – Updated PnP version of Tropez Classic. CS4232, ICS Wavefront, 4MB ROM, 3 SIMM slots for RAM, Yamaha OPL3 FM, Yamaha YSS225 SoundFX processor.
• TBS-2000 – Cost reduced versions of Tropez+ without SIMM slots. Only 2MB sample ROM. Crystal CS4232 PnP chip and WaveFront wavetable, Yamaha OPL3 FM. IDE interface.
• Tropez32 – OEM TBS-2000 with only 1MB half sample ROM for wavetable. Sold as part of the TBS-6700 and TBS-8900 CD-ROM kit.
• Tropez Lite – TBS-2000 with only 1MB like Tropez32. Retail box.
• TBS-929 – OEM low-cost card for CD-ROM upgrade kits with OPTi 929 chip like Monte Carlo 929.
• TBS-930 – updated non PnP card with OPTi 930. Integrated codec.
• TBS-931 – PnP card with OPTi 82C 931.

Wavetable Daughter Board[edit]

• Rio – The RIO was a 'wavetable' daughtercard MIDI synthesizer (sample-based synthesizer) that was compatible with the Sound Blaster daughtercard pinout. This product was intended for Sound Blaster owners who wanted to improve their MIDI playback by adding sample-based synthesis. The RIO offered one RAM slot that would allow users to add their own sounds, and was compatible with the WavePatch sound programmer. Unlike the Maui, however, the Rio used a SIPP slot for its expansion memory; compatible RAM was rather difficult and considerably more expensive to obtain. Board used ICS WaveFront chipset like Tropez and Maui cards.
• Cancun FX – Sample-based upgrade board for waveblaster connector. Dream SAM9733, 4MB ROM, 64 voice polyphony, GM/GS. Part of Montego II Home Studio set.
• HOMAC – Same chipset as the Malibu Surround 64 ISA card. Rockwell RWA030/035, 4MB samples compressed to 2MB ROM, 32 voice polyphony, GM. Part of Pinnacle Project Studio set.
• OPL4 daughter-board – Wavetable upgrade for Monte Carlo cards. Yamaha OPL4 chip.

PCMCIA bus[edit]

• Audio Advantage PCMCIA – old soundcard for notebooks, Hurricane architecture

PCI bus[edit]

• Catalina – 5.1, 6.1, 7.1 Dolby Digital Surround Sound, EAX 2.0 with on board sound processing. Based on VIA Envy24HT-S audio chipset.^[9]
• Daytona PCI – early PCI card introduced November 1997, S3 Sonic Vibes 86C617 Chipset, Downloadable Sounds (DLS), hardware sample-based synthesis, SRS 3D Audio Enhancement

Part Number : TBS-0660-01V

• Montego DDL – Dolby Digital Live-capable. 5.1, 6.1, 7.1 Dolby Digital Surround Sound, EAX 2.0 with on board sound processing.^[10] See also: Montego DDL Control Panel
• Montego A3DXstream – based on the Aureal AU8820 (Vortex) chipset, unrelated to the current Montego DDL in every way but the name.
• Montego II Quadzilla – the Montego II was a family of cards that replaced the original Montego card. The card was based on the Aureal AU8830 (Vortex 2) chipset but differed from the reference Aureal design. The Quadzilla was the 4-channel version and achieved this via a separate daughtercard, whereas the other AU8830 cards such as Aureal Vortex SQ2500 and Diamond Monster Sound MX300 used a single card.
• Montego II Home Studio - included a more advanced S/PDIF I/O daughterboard than the Quadzilla as well as a Turtle Beach CancunFX MIDI daughterboard.^[11]
• Riviera – affordable Dolby Digital 5.1 Surround Sound without on-board sound processing. Based on C-Media CMI8738 audio controller chipset.
• Santa Cruz – Based on the Cirrus Logic SoundFusion (aka Crystal 4630) DSP.^[12] It featured four analog channel outputs, a line input and microphone input are included on the back panel.^[12] Also included is a connector TB dubbed the 'VersaJack.' The VersaJack has multiple functions selectable by software including digital SPDIF output, a second analog input, analog output or 5th and 6th speaker outputs.^[12] This card also supported an open source software based EAX.^[12]Dell Computer offered this card as an audio upgrade for some of its computers.

USB bus[edit]

• Audio Advantage – Popular line of USB sound cards, all of which have digital S/PDIF outputs. It comes in three models: Micro (2.0/SPDIF out), Amigo (2.0/SPDIF out, 2.0 in), and Roadie (2.0 and 5.1 out, 7.1 out, line/SPDIF out, line/SPDIF in, mic in). Roadie was later rebranded as SRM.

Software[edit]

56K – The 56K Digital Recording System was the first of the Turtle Beach audio systems for the IBM PC platform. It made use of the Motorola 56000 Digital Signal Processor for accelerating digital audio data transfers through the IBM PC's ISA bus. The 56K was designed to be connected to the AES-EBU or S/PDIF jacks on a professional DAT recorder. With the included SoundStage graphical audio editing software, a 56K system installed in a 286, 386 or 486 Intel PC running Windows 3.0 or 3.1 can be used as a complete post-production digital audio editing solution. The 56K system consisted of three major components:

1. The 56K-PC Digital Signal Processor Card (a 16-bit digital audio processor on a full-length ISA board).
2. The 56K-D Digital Interface Box, which allows your DAT machine to talk to the computer via AES/EBU or S/PDIF-compatible digital formats.
3. The SoundStage digital audio editing software.

Quad – 4-track recording software for PC meant to somewhat mimic a 4-track cassette recorder.^[13][14]

References[edit]

1. ^ ^abCalvin, Alex (22 November 2018). 'Why headset firm Turtle Beach is doubling down on its PC roots'. PC Games Insider. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
2. ^Ballard, John (26 November 2018). '2 Video Game Stocks You've Never Heard Of'. The Motley Fool. Retrieved 20 December 2018.
3. ^King, Jordan (1 October 2018). 'Turtle Beach Stealth 300 Review'. Trusted Reviews. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
4. ^Thorp-Lancaster, Dan (12 June 2018). 'Turtle Beach introduces new Stealth 300 and Recon 200 headsets at E3 2018'. Windows Central. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
5. ^Lowe, Scott (14 October 2009). 'Turtle Beach Ear Force P21 Review'. IGN. Retrieved 21 December 2018.
6. ^Arceo, Abe (11 June 2011). 'Turtle Beach announces Ear Force XL1 Amplified Stereo Gaming Headset'. Level Up News. Retrieved 17 January 2019.
7. ^Greenwald, Will (14 September 2018). 'Turtle Beach Atlas One'. PC Mag. Retrieved 23 December 2018.
8. ^ ^abcdQuain, John (28 March 1995). '16-Bit soundcards - Turtle Beach Systems'. PC Mag. New York: Ziff Davis, LLC. pp. 216–217. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
9. ^Salvator, Dave (27 August 2004). 'Turtle Beach Unveils Catalina Sound Card'. Extreme Tech. Ziff Davis, LLC. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
10. ^Harris, Matthew (5 December 2005). 'Turtle Beach Montego DDL Sound Card'. Techgage. Techgage Networks. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
11. ^'Voyetra Turtle Beach Turtle Beach Montego II Home Studio Specs'. CNET. CBS Interactive Inc. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
12. ^ ^abcdBailey, Austin (7 February 2001). 'Turtle Beach Santa Cruz Review'. Neoseeker. Neo Era Media Inc. Retrieved 4 August 2018.
13. ^Hand, Roger (27 February 1995). 'Quad FAQ'. mcwest.org. Turtle Beach. Retrieved 14 January 2014.
14. ^'Turtle Beach Quad'. Sound On Sound. March 1995. Archived from the original on 6 June 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2018.

External links[edit]

(Montego A3DXStream, Montego II and Montego II Quadzilla)

Digital output and multi-speaker compatibility used to be features only of high-end professional sound cards, meant for studio use and no good for games. But both features, and positional audio (see the sidebar to the right), too, are now available in audio boards that work with all current PC games and cost under $AU150 ($1 Australian, by the way, is worth about $US0.65).

If you're shopping for a no-holds-barred PC sound card at the moment, a few more options are opening up. We here in Australia haven't got Creative's new low cost Sound Blaster Live! cards with S/PDIF output quite yet, but they'll be along very shortly. In the meantime, people who want S/PDIF have the option of a high-priced full Live!, which is a great piece of gear but, at around $AU450, is well outside the price range of most buyers. The full Sound Blaster Live! models have S/PDIF input as well as output, and more analogue inputs than pretty much any other mainstream card as well, but you'd bloomin' well want them to, for the money.

If you want a big old home studio setup with all of those inputs and outputs, a Live! is probably your best choice. But you probably don't. Most people can settle for fewer plugs and sockets, and that's where the various Aureal Vortex and Vortex 2 chipset sound cards come in.

I've checked out the plain OEM (or 'bulk pack') versions of Voyetra Turtle Beach's Aureal-based cards. These are the ones provided to computer assemblers, with minimal software and no fancy packaging, and a correspondingly low price. You can buy OEM cards yourself from various dealers including, for Australian and New Zealand buyers, my site sponsors Aus PC Market.

The plain Montego A3DXStream (the Montego II cards are physically almost identical)

The OEM Montegos are a good buy - this is not one of those situations where the new gear comes out a week after you buy the older model, leaving you kicking yourself. High end sound cards, like high end video cards, get cheaper all the time, but the next Great Leap forward is far enough away that it's a no more than normally financially foolish idea to buy a Montego now.

Voyetra Turtle Beach's (they used to just be Turtle Beach, until Voyetra bought them in 1996) Aureal-based OEM cards come in three flavours. The original Montego, now selling as the Montego A3DXStream, is a Vortex board. The Montego II models use the more advanced Vortex 2, which, among other improvements, supports the new 'wavetracing' features of the A3D 2 sound API in hardware. The OEM Montego sells for $AU120, the Montego II is $AU149, and the Montego II Quadzilla, with S/PDIF output and four speaker support, is $AU235.

What you get

The Montego II board that comes in the Quadzilla package is exactly the same as the standard Montego II, but it comes with the 'daughter card' expansion board that's an extra-cost option for the cheaper Montego II. The daughter card has the extra speaker and S/PDIF connectors on it. The Montego A3DXStream is, physically, very similar to the more advanced boards.

All of the cards have three standard 1/8th inch stereo jacks on their back panel, colour coded. There's a microphone input, a line input and a line output, which can be pressed into service as a headphone connector as well but doesn't have the grunt to drive speakers. You also get a joystick connector, which can as usual be used as a MIDI in/out connector with an optional adaptor cable.

The Quadzilla edition of the Montego II adds, on the daughter card, another speaker output and the S/PDIF RCA connector.

These might be OEM cards, but they still come with the standard manual, which is well written and comprehensive.

Setting up

Installing the Turtle Beach cards is simple enough, as long as you're running a late version of Windows 95 or, preferably, Windows 98. Linux and BeOS support is apparently on the way, and the cards will work for ordinary stereo sound under Windows NT, but not for positional audio until NT makes the leap to Windows 2000 - WinNT 4 and earlier don't support any kind of positional audio.

Assuming you've got Win95/98, you just shut down, pop the lid, remove your old sound card, insert the new board into a spare PCI slot and you're in business. The Quadzilla requires you to screw the daughter card into a slot somewhere close to the main card and hook them up with the provided cable, but this is easy enough - provided, of course, that you have enough spare slots for both boards. If you've got two spare slots, but they're not near each other, you'll have to shuffle your cards.

As is the case with many better sound cards, there are three extra internal MPC2 standard connectors on the Montego card, for CD audio, modem audio and 'auxiliary' audio input. The AUX connector could be used for the audio from another CD-ROM or DVD-ROM drive, or anything else inside the computer that delivers line level audio.

You only get one MPC2 audio cable, though, so if you want to connect more than your CD-ROM's audio output to the sound card you'll need to pick up extra cables. The other header on the Montego boards is an eight-pin connector for the optional daughter card, included with the Quadzilla package.

There's also a connector on all of the Montego boards for another kind of daughter card - a WaveBlaster compatible MIDI expansion card, which plugs straight onto the Montego in piggyback fashion. Given the software MIDI capabilities of the Montego boards, though (of which more later), not many users are likely to care.

Software setup

When installing the software for the Montego boards, you have the choice of setting up Turtle Beach's driver and utility package, or going with the stock Aureal reference drivers.

The Turtle Beach version of the Montego II application installer isn't one of those namby-pamby Windows-standard jobbies that asks you where you want the software to go and whether you'd like to restart now or later; when you run it, it installs the utilities in C:Program FilesVOYETRA, the one and only place it knows where to put them, and then reboots your computer whether you want it to or not.

All of the Montegos come with Turtle Beach's somewhat ludicrous AudioStation 32 control console.

AudioStation 32 - behold!

I remember when every second sound card came with some damn fool interface that thought it was a stereo system. Ah, nostalgia.

Voyetra's 'AudioStation 32' is, at least, functional; it plays CDs and WAVs and MP3s and MIDI files and so on, and lets you set all of the EQ and effects and volume options.

But the Turtle Beach installer replaces the simple Windows Volume Control with this monster. You can disable the extra modules so it doesn't eat your whole screen, but it's still dumb. This is a whole lot of interface to have to load every time you want to twiddle the volume.

You also get the quite good Voyetra MIDI Orchestrator package, which lets you play with the instrument assignments of MIDI tracks. It's not a proper sequencer, it's just an instrument rearranger, but it's handy nonetheless. The AudioView 32 sound editor is... well, it's another bundled sound editor that does the basic jobs OK. There's also the SoundCheck diagnostic package, which can run tests on all of the sound cards' functions.

The OEM Quadzilla comes with a slightly more salubrious bundle than the other OEM Turtle Beach cards.

The only full app in the Quadzilla package is Hip Hop eJay, one of those mix-up programs that anybody with Beastie Boys fantasies will probably like. You also get a demo of the Digital Orchestrator Pro package, for audio recording to hard disk.

The Quadzilla package also has an 'Audio by Turtle Beach' sticker, to satisfy the Datsubishi Grapefruit Racing Team types who can't use any product unless they also get to advertise it.

Changing drivers

As is the case with graphics cards that use the same chipset, all basic Vortex 2 cards are essentially the same. Some may be better made than others, and they come with different software bundles, but you can use the standard Aureal reference drivers with all of them. They work fine with the Montego and Montego II.

Customised cards, though, are different. The Quadzilla will work with the reference drivers, but all you get is plain Vortex 2 performance; no S/PDIF, no four-channel output.

If you've only got a two channel Montego or Montego II, though, there's a lot to be said for the reference drivers. You can get them from here, but be warned - the full package is 34Mb!

A less startling download, from the same page, is the current version of the A3D drivers (2.25, at the time of writing), at a bit more than a megabyte. These make sure you've got the latest A3D API, so games that try to use A3D 2 don't strike an incapable old API (one of which seems to come, for instance, on the standard Montego II driver disc) and crash.

How's it sound?

The Montego II supports A3D, A3D 2 and DirectSound 3D for positional audio. Aureal have been promising Vortex 2 drivers which support EAX for rather a while now, and should have working drivers out soon. A leaked v2.048 driver set with EAX is already out, but buggy.

For plain stereo applications, the Montego cards sound great, but then so does every other decent card on the market. The magic happens when you start using software that supports positional audio, in particular A3D 2.

With only two speakers, the positional audio effect is good, but not fabulous. With four speakers from the Quadzilla, it's not as much better as you might expect; in four speaker mode, the Quadzilla only does the fancy HRTF tricks with the front speakers, doing plain stereo panning with the rear ones. This can create odd transitional effects when something's supposed to zoom past you.

Back in two channel mode, headphones are the way to go. Two speaker positional audio is, of necessity, a compromise, because the programmers don't know the specs of the speakers or their location relative to the listener. They also have to include 'crosstalk cancellation', to try to minimise the amount of sound meant for one ear which makes it to the other.

With headphones, the speaker position and crosstalk problems go away, and you hear remarkably good actual honest-to-goodness 3D audio, with height, width and depth. The included A3D demos are remarkable...

...although I feel safe in saying that the best thing about them is not their graphics.

Incidentally, if you install the full reference driver suite, you get the most up-to-date A3D demos, including the Rooms demo which is missing from the plain Turtle Beach CD.

A3D's height cues are the most elusive, but they're still definitely there; you can close your eyes and tell with considerable accuracy when a sound is meant to be above or below you. It's not perfect, but it's very good.

Sound quality

Turtle Beach have a tradition of making high-powered sound cards aimed at home studio enthusiasts. Their Aureal-based boards are cheaper and add the Vortex's positional audio features, but they're still great for studio work. Minuscule distortion and superb linearity are actually pretty common among decent sound cards these days, but the Aureal Vortex boards certainly don't let the side down.

The Montego boards, like every other good sound card these days, deal very well with the hugely electrically noisy environment inside a PC case. Older sound cards commonly provided accidental feedback on the status of the computer, with crosstalk from umpteen different internal systems clearly audible through the speakers whenever something loud wasn't happening. That's in the past, though; Turtle Beach has been making very clean cards for years, but they're far from alone these days. One nice feature of the Montego II that helps it keep the hiss down is automatic muting for unused inputs - if a connector doesn't have a signal applied to it, it's disabled.

The Vortex chips are also good at keeping sound quality up when they're mixing lots of samples, because of their 96 parallel high quality sample rate converters. Just mixing sounds algorithmically at their original sample rate causes more and more loss of accuracy as you pile more and more sounds into the mix. Raising the sample resolution before the mix doesn't make the original sounds any better, but it lets smaller amplitude differences be included, instead of just rounding off the results after each mix stage and reducing the effective amplitude resolution. The Vortex 2 does sample rate conversion even better than the original Vortex.

Performance

OK, that's why you should use A3D. Why shouldn't you?

Well, because it sucks up a significant amount of CPU time, that's why.

A3D 2.0's fancy 'wavetracing' - the audio equivalent of graphics 'raytracing' - tracks where sounds are going in quite detailed ways, allowing realistic wall reflections and occlusions and so on. The price of this, though, is a big CPU load.

A3D 2.0 also includes 'A2D', which is A3D emulation for sound cards that don't have a Vortex chipset. Using A2D can elevate the CPU load from large to enormous, but not necessarily; it can use DirectSound 3D hardware, if it's present, and not elevate the CPU load at all, unless it's asked to do things the hardware can't handle, like reflections.

A couple of quick Quake 3 Arena benchmarks tell the story. Q3A supports A3D 2.0, but not EAX or A3D 1.0, and its A3D support is less than perfect. You have to turn on A3D in the setup menu every time you run Q3A, and it still seems prone to crashing now and then, with the current v2040 drivers. But it works, within the definition of the term.

You can reduce the A3D performance hit in Q3A, by the way, by turning off the fancy wavetracing features. Reflections are turned off with the
/s_reflect 0
console command, and you can disable wavetracing entirely with
/s_geometry 0
The
/s_occlude 1
command, by the way, enables occlusion support (it's turned off by default), which will of course slow the system further.
With the geometry features turned off, A3D might become a significant multiplayer advantage, since the 'X-ray ears' effect you get lets you know in advance what direction things are happening in, even if there are walls in the way.
There's lots more information on Q3A A3D-relevant console commands at Aureal's page on the subject here.

With Q3A set to graphics settings which make the CPU the limiting factor - which, on my NVIDIA GeForce 256-equipped test box, means any graphics settings at all up to 1024 by 768 and a bit beyond, since the superpowered graphics card can turn CPU-generated geometry data into an image as fast as the 500MHz Celeron CPU can send it - turning A3D on chopped the frame rate on the standard Q3A demos from around 55 frames per second to around 40. This is about a 30% loss, and it can become quite significant in hectic deathmatch games, when there's a whole lot of geometry goin' on.

The more frantic the action, the more sounds the system will have to deal with as well, so the sound load scales pretty evenly with the graphics load.

The Vortex chipsets have 16 hardware 3D sound stream channels. When a game exceeds the number of hardware sound streams a card supports, the most economical strategy for the programmers to adopt is to dump the extra sounds to the plain stereo mixer - giving them no position, but at least making them audible - or ignore them completely. The alternative is performance loss.

Positional audio can be done partly or entirely in software - DirectSound 3D implementations commonly do this, when they run out of hardware 3D channels or are running on hardware that has no built-in 3D capability. It's analogous to the way that regular sound cards that only support a certain number of plain stereo sounds at once can play more, by mixing the sounds in software.

But the huge CPU load caused by pure software positional audio makes it of no use for games, and physically impossible for slower computers. The performance hit can be reduced with clever driver coding - with each driver release, Aureal and the other companies that have Vortex boards speed the cards up a little - but the basic problem remains.

Vortex 2 based cards can deal with up to a very respectable 76 simultaneous DirectSound or A3D 1 streams. But when they're doing A3D 2.0, which has reflections, they can only handle 16 streams in hardware - the other 60 hardware streams are a 'reflection pool' for the A3D wavetracing effects. You can't have more than 16 A3D 2.0 sound sources without doing software mixing, and A3D 2.0 loads up the system enough with its geometry demands anyway. The original Vortex chipset has only 8 hardware 3D sound channels, and no reflection pool at all - the extra 60 channels make the Vortex 2 the only option for A3D 2.

Creative's Sound Blaster Live! models have 32 hardware 3D sound channels, but no reflection pool. They cause less of a performance hit than the Aureal-based cards. This is partly because their drivers seem to be a bit tighter, but mainly because the Live! boards are almost definitely not using an A3D 2.0-type sound API, so there's no need for reflections anyway. EAX 2.0, which has similar features to A3D 2, is supported by close to no games, so far. So the Live! cards are stuck with EAX 1 and DirectSound 3D, which is much less demanding.

EAX 1 and DS3D, though, can still sound very good - the difference between genuine A3D 2 reflections and well picked and neatly changed pre-set EAX reverb settings can be hard to pick.

Sound mixing can present a significant problem, pretty much regardless of the number of hardware channels available. In games like 3D action titles, for instance, there are commonly tons of sounds coming from all over the place, thanks to rapid-fire weapons bouncing projectiles off walls. In a hectic deathmatch game, it's quite possible that plenty more than 32 3D sound streams will be needed whenever a whole lot of shooting happens at once, and this is the time when you least want 40% of your CPU time to be eaten by the sound system! Of course, in this sort of bunfight you're less likely to notice if most of the sounds have dropped back to plain stereo.

Deathmatch games are less about immersing yourself in the illusion than they're about kicking the snot out of your friends. Single player games are different.

When you're playing single-player, turning on 32 bit rendering and maximum quality everything and 3D sound helps you lose yourself in the game, the star of your own little studio-quality movie. Single player 3D games tend to be rather less demanding on the processor, so you can keep up a more respectable frame rate even with all the pretty-options turned on. If you want to be a winner in a multiplayer game, though, everything that slows down your response times is a handicap.

If you're just after hey-wow fun, of course, and have a resilient enough self-image that getting trampled by people with fewer fancy options turned on isn't a problem for you, then by all means use A3D and every other option you like in multiplayer. If you don't mind the frame rate loss, there's no problem.

DVD

If your playback software supports it, four speaker sound cards can 'downmix' 5.1 channel surround sound from DVDs to output through their own speakers. The centre channel's mixed between the two front speakers, and the sub channel's usually discarded.

For this to work, you need a DVD player solution that supports your particular four speaker sound card.

To get surround sound from your PC into your home theatre system, though, you have to send a suitable signal to a surround decoder, which in most home theatres lives in the surround receiver.

Plain old analogue Dolby Pro Logic can be created on the fly from the Dolby AC-3 5.1 channel audio encoded on many DVDs, and output through a standard single analogue stereo y sound card for decoding by anything that supports it - I don't know of any home theatre receivers that don't. The results from this downmixing are usually disappointing, though. Full digital AC-3 is the way to go, and the only way to get that from your computer to something, like a surround receiver, that can properly decode it is via a digital connector. You need either S/PDIF, using a plain RCA connector as used for analogue home audio connectors, or the more upmarket 'TOSLINK', named for the kind of connectors it uses. TOSLINK is just S/PDIF over optical cables, and carries exactly the same data.

Unfortunately, playback software won't necessarily be able to send AC-3 data out of the Quadzilla's S/PDIF connector; it might not be aware of the existence of that connector. DVD playback software that understands other Aureal-based cards with an S/PDIF connector isn't necessarily good enough, because Turtle Beach have done their own thing with the daughter card.

Judging by newsgroup posts, RAVISENT's CineMaster software works properly with the Quadzilla as long as you've used the Region Selector hack to set the playback software to Aureal output. Make sure that the DVD playback system you intend to use will work with the Quadzilla before you buy.

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Incidentally, if you've got some other Aureal board with an S/PDIF connector on it and you're using the current Aureal 2040 reference driver set - or some other driver set closely based on it - the S/PDIF connector will not, by default, work.

To make it function again, you have to install this little registry patch and then check the new box that says 'Send AC3 stream to S/PDIF', in the Digital Out tab of the Vortex control panel. And you'll have to re-check the box every time you restart your PC, because it doesn't stay checked. Elegant.

MIDI

The Montego MIDI interface is the usual MPU-401 emulator, which works, if you choose to use it, via an adaptor cable that plugs into the joystick port. This lets you hook your computer up to outboard synthesisers or control keyboards. Most computer MIDI, though, is an internal-only deal - software playing tunes with the MIDI voices of the sound card itself.

Unless you've bought and plugged in a WaveBlaster daughter board, the Montego II stores its MIDI voices in system RAM - it doesn't have any ROM sample storage on board, and uses a DLS 1.0 format sound bank for its MIDI instruments. With the standard sample set, it can use up to 4Mb of RAM when MIDI's being played, although it'll probably use a lot less, since it only loads the instruments it's actually using. It's possible to use a lot more RAM, if you switch to a larger DLS sound bank - many DLS sets are available for free download from sites like this one. The size of the sound banks you can load is only limited by your RAM.

The standard Aureal MIDI voices are all right, and of course far better than the crummy FM-synthesised MIDI still offered by bargain cards, but they're nothing to write home about. It's easy enough to grab a better DLS file, though. With 64 hardware MIDI voices and up to another 512 with software mixing (only 256, from earlier driver versions such as come with the Quadzilla), the Vortex 2 can handle arbitrarily complex compositions. Each simultaneously played note takes up one voice, so a six-note chord, for instance, uses six voices; if there's a snare drum and a cymbal crash at the same time, that's another two. These ludicrous maximum voice numbers should be taken with a grain of salt; the more mixing's done, the lower the sound quality becomes. There's no need for more than 64 voices in the vast bulk of MIDI tracks, though.

Like many other current cards, the Montego lets you put up to two effects on top of your MIDI playback, so you can have one of several reverb settings as well as chorus, flange, delay and so on. Each effect has a configurable level, as well.

Many users don't give a toss about MIDI either way, as they only hear it when they visit some dodgy Web page that insists on playing 'Copacabana' in the background. MIDI for game music is less popular than it used to be, though it persists in games with big musical scores, like Ultima Online and other adventures. The smallness of the MIDI format makes it possible for whole new scores to be squirted down the phone line in seconds, and huge amounts of music can be used in a game without using monstrous amounts of space for digitised samples.

Who needs it?

There are three classes of user that should look into a better sound card: game lovers, home theatre enthusiasts and people who want to make a home sound studio.

If you're into single player games, you want positional audio. No, don't tell me what you think you want, I'm telling you - you want positional audio. By the use of cunning algorithms that play with the spectral content and phase of the sound, positional audio allows two transducers (speakers or, better, headphones) to give you the firm impression that a sound or sounds are coming from anywhere around you, including above and below. Perfect it is not, but dramatically better than plain stereo it is. Far from all games support positional audio so far, but enough do to make it worthwhile already.

The two most popular positional audio systems available for PCs at the moment are Creative's Sound Blaster Live! cards, which use E-mu Systems' EMU10K1 processor, and boards from various manufacturers, including Aureal themselves, which use Aureal's Vortex (AU8820) and Vortex 2 (AU8830) chipsets. In a nutshell, the Aureal boards sound better, but use rather more CPU time. CPU usage is the main downside of positional audio.

A great deal of the processing for positional audio is done by the custom processor on the sound card, but the CPU has to help, especially with more advanced systems like A3D 2.0. If a system includes occlusion (sound being blocked by objects) and proper reflections, it has to know where walls and objects are, so the CPU has to provide geometry information to the sound card driver, as well as to the video card driver.

If multiplayer games are more your thing, positional audio can give you an edge - you can tell what's going on a bit better, thanks to sharply localised sounds. But the performance hit you'll take by enabling the funky sound hardware may be too high, if you have a less than cutting edge processor and/or video card.

In 3D games played on accelerated 3D cards, cranking up the resolution increases the load on the video card, not the CPU. This means that the CPU hit from 3D sound in a given game should be much the same no matter what resolution you're running at, but if your graphics settings are advanced enough that your video card's the limiting factor, you may see much less speed loss if you enable positional audio; the CPU is already waiting for the graphics card, and has some cycles to spare. Exactly what balance of options suits your system depends on the CPU, the graphics card and the game you're playing, though.

Other options

The Sound Blaster Live! X-Gamer has an S/PDIF output, and is presently selling in the USA for less than $US80 (list price $US99.99), but it's only available there; it, and its sibling Live! MP3+, are not distributed outside the Americas. The rest of the world gets the Live! Player and the Live! Value Digital, both of which seem to have the exact same hardware as the US Lives but different bundles - the Value Digital is the cheap one, and should cost around the same as the Quadzilla, if not less. The Value Digital is currently selling from discounters for less than $US70, and its local RRP is $AU249. The same discount outlets have Montego II boards for less than $US60.

Then again, Vortex 2 boards will sooner or later support Creative's open EAX standard via a driver upgrade, while Creative's cards will never support Aureal's proprietary A3D APIs. And the Vortex 2 hardware is clearly technically superior. And, at present, A3D 2 has wider game support than the younger EAX 2 standard - although even A3D 2's support is nothing very exciting.

This is par for the course in the 3D sound world at the moment, unfortunately. It's getting better by the day, but 3D sound is still, generally, quite poorly supported. Different driver versions work, or don't work, in drastically different ways; games that allegedly support one or another positional audio standard actually don't do it properly, or at all; 'fixes' to positional audio problems simply involve turning it off, and so on.

Incidentally, the standard Vortex drivers have the ability to turn off DirectSound if it's causing problems.

This is depressing, because positional audio is really cool, and it's strange that after more than two years it still isn't a mainstream proposition.

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But it is, now, worth bothering with; quite a few games support it well enough, and the cards aren't stupidly expensive.

Overall

With EAX drivers due shortly and super-fast CPUs and graphics cards getting cheaper by the day, Vortex 2 based sound cards are looking like a better and better idea. Their technology ain't new, but neither is it outdated, and a sound card that supports positional audio is worth a bit extra. With the OEM versions of the cards you get the hardware you need and none of the software you (probably) don't, and Turtle Beach's take on the Vortex and Vortex 2 has a lot to commend it.

Of the three, I prefer the plain Montego II, because I don't need S/PDIF and the panned-rear four speaker mode of the Quadzilla is less than amazing - it's headphones all the way for me, baby. If DVD is your thing, though, the Quadzilla is a good choice, provided your playback software likes it.

If all you want is A3D 2 and four speaker output, an OEM Diamond Monster Sound MX300 (I review the original retail version here) gives you that for about $AU145.

The money you'd save by buying the old A3DXStream is, I think, false economy; A3D 2.0 makes the Vortex 2 significantly better than the original Vortex.

Buy stuff!
Aus PC Market no longer sells these cards (which is just as well, as there aren't any surround drivers for them for Windows 2000 or later); click here to see their current audio range!
(if you're not in Australia or New Zealand, Aus PC Market won't deliver to you. If you're in the USA, try a price search at DealTime!)